ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE@#To analyze the variations of glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase 1 like gene (GPD1-L) and address the association with sudden manhood death syndrome (SMDS).@*METHODS@#The genomic DNA was extracted from blood samples of the SMDS group and the normal control group. The exons, exon-intron boundaries and 3'-UTRs of coding region of GPD1-L were PCR amplified and DNA sequenced directly to confirm the types of variations. The genotype frequency and allele frequency were analyzed statistically.@*RESULTS@#There were two variants in the SMDS group, c.465C>T and c.*18G>T, the latter existed certain degree difference of genotype distribution and allele frequency between the SMDS group and the control group, but there was no statistically significant (P > 0.05).@*CONCLUSION@#The relation between gene mutation of GPD1-L and the occurrence of Chinese SMDS deserves a further research.
Subject(s)
Adolescent , Adult , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Young Adult , Asian People/genetics , Base Sequence , Case-Control Studies , DNA Mutational Analysis , DNA Primers/genetics , Death, Sudden/etiology , Exons , Gene Frequency , Genotype , Glycerolphosphate Dehydrogenase/genetics , Mutation , Polymerase Chain Reaction , Polymorphism, Single NucleotideABSTRACT
Changes in the expression of genes were observed during development in populations of Anopheles (Anopheles) intermedius and Anopheles (Anopheles) mattogrossensis. Esterase showed seven zones of activity: EST1 was present in all developmental stages of both species; EST2 was observed only in larvae of A. intermedius and larvae and pupae of A. mattogrossensis, with greater activity in pupae; EST3 and EST5 were present in all development stages, with greater intensity in larvae; EST4 and EST6 showed weak activity in larvae of A. mattogrossensis and was not found in A. intermedius. Leucine aminopeptidase showed four zones of activity, of which LAP1 and LAP2 were found in all stages of A. intermedius, with highest activity in larvae, and in only of A. mattogrossensis. LAP3 was detected in all stages of A. mattogrossensis and in larvae only of A. intermedius. LAP4 was detected only in larvae and pupae of A. mattogrossensis, with greater intensity in pupae. Alpha-Glycerophosphate dehydrogenase showed a single zone of activity, detected in older fourth-instar larvae and becoming more intense from the pupal stage onwards.
Subject(s)
Animals , Anopheles/genetics , Genetic Variation , Anopheles/enzymology , Brazil , Electrophoresis , Esterases/genetics , Esterases/metabolism , Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic , Glycerolphosphate Dehydrogenase/genetics , Glycerolphosphate Dehydrogenase/metabolism , Leucyl Aminopeptidase/genetics , Leucyl Aminopeptidase/metabolismABSTRACT
The esterases, leucine aminopeptidase and alpha-glycerophosphate dehydrogenase revealed modifications in gene expressions during the development of Anopheles darlingi. The esterases showed five activity bands, 1 and 2 being more deeply stained during the larval stages than in pupae or adults, esterases 3 and 4 more deeply stained in pupae and adults whereas esterase 5 was present throughout development. Leucine aminopeptidase showed five activity bands: LAP2 and LAP5 were characteristic of larvae, LAP3 was specific for pupae and adults, LAP4 was detected only in pupae, and LAP1 and LAP6 were detected in all stages. Alpha-Glycerophosphate dehydrogenase presented one activity band on starch gel whose intensity increased with development. Two activity bands were detected on polyacrylamide gel (alpha-GPDH1 and alpha-GPDH2) in 4th-instar larvae (old pigmented larvae) and this activity increased with development.